Podcast transcript:
It is hard to know if Jesus intends to shock his audience, or if it is just inevitable. His message though, firmly rooted in Judaism – would have been shockingly new for those who heard it for the first time. For us, however, perhaps because of repetition, we have heard the Parables for so long, that often their power may be lost to us. If this is true with that, it is even more true with the Lord’s Prayer. We say it so often, that its challenge has been diluted. So let us take this opportunity to read St. Luke’s unfamiliar version of the Lord’s Prayer to see what we are being told.
And let us begin by changing one word. If we were to begin the Lord’s Prayer by saying, “Lord, hallowed be your name, your kingdom come,” we would perhaps not even notice the change. The Jews, who would have heard it originally, would not have been particularly concerned, either. Lord means the Almighty, and only He can hallow – make holy, make great – His name. We add nothing to God. Continue reading “17th Sunday Ordinary Time (11:15 AM – Fr. Smith homily)”→
Podcast transcript:
Good morning, everyone! It’s good to see you on this very beautiful Sunday morning, and I really hope that all of you continue to enjoy the summer months here, and make sure that we are always mindful that our time in nature is a way for us to, I think, strengthen our prayer life. So, I always try to encourage people on nice days to spend time in nature. And really, today’s readings get us to the heart of what is the purpose of prayer.
You know, we hear Jesus make it very clear in the Gospel today that whatever we ask, we will receive. You know, ask, you shall receive; seek and you will find; knock and the door will be open. I think for many of us, this is a very bold pronouncement that Jesus makes and one that we are somewhat confused by, because typically we fall into two camps or in 2 modes, when it comes to us in our prayer relationship with God the Father. For some of us, we may question what we want to ask God or we may not feel like our intentions are pure enough, or we may feel that we’re being selfish, or we’re fearing that work asking the wrong thing. So we don’t really go to God and ask him what we want because we just don’t think that maybe were worthy of that request, for whatever reason. Continue reading “17th Sunday Ordinary Time (Fr. Gribowich homily)”→
The Destruction of Sodom And Gomorrah,
John Martin, 1852, Laing Art Gallery, Newcastle upon Tyne (Wikipedia).
Genesis 18:20–32 July 28, 2019
Each week we analyze the first reading from the Mass. During most of the year, these are from the First (Old) Testament and are chosen to reflect some aspect of the Gospel (3rd reading) from the Mass. This does not often allow for reading any part of it sequentially. Today is something of an exception. Last week we reviewed Gen 18:1-10A. Today we read Gen 18:20-32. There is a gap of a few verses, so let us begin there.
Last week, we saw Abraham entertain three visitors, including the Lord himself. He has been assured again that, despite her age, his wife Sarah will bear a son. In a somewhat comic scene, Sarah finds this ludicrous and laughs. (Gen. 18: 11-16, a fuller interpretation may be found in the summary of last week’s first reading)
Then rather abruptly, things get very serious. The Lord has heard reports about the great wickedness of the people of Sodom and Gomorrah and is on his way to personally investigate. He tells Abraham who is immediately concerned for their fate. There are two reasons with two different trajectories in the story and indicate two different motivations of the writers.
We saw the first last week. Abraham’s kinsman Lot and his family are residents of Sodom and he fears for them. The authors of Genesis love parallels, and Abraham is contrasted to Lot throughout the story. Lot represents what most of us would consider good fortune and common sense. A man who trusted in his intelligence and talents. He ends his life in a cave as the father, through incest, of hereditary competitors if not enemies of Israel. Abraham represents trust in God and, although elderly, ends his life as the father of nations.
Today we see another level of interpretation.
Most of the Bible reveals a long history of editing, which was finally completed after the return of the people from captivity in Babylon around 510 BC. The Captivity was a traumatic event. Their kings were murdered; their city and temple destroyed; and their leadership, if not killed, brought into the Babylonian civil service. By every rational understanding, they were as dead as Ezekiel’s dry bones. Yet they were resurrected. Cyrus, king of the Assyrians, after conquering Babylon invited the Jews to return to Jerusalem as his subjects to rebuild the city and its temple. Enough did to give the city a new life. This was the great miracle and one which asked the question, “Why did the Lord save them?” Today’s reading is written in response to this question.
The prophets who emerged during the exile were inspired to realize that the Jews were the chosen people but chosen for a task. They were to be in Isaiah’s words “A light to the nations.” The full quote is particularly instructive:
It is too little, he says, for you to be my servant,
to raise up the tribes of Jacob,
and restore the survivors of Israel;
I will make you a light to the nations,
that my salvation may reach to the ends of the earth (Isaiah 49:6)
Even more beautiful is found in the regrettably little-read book of the prophet Zechariah:
Thus says the LORD of hosts:
In those days ten men of every nationality,
speaking different tongues,
shall take hold, yes,
take hold of every Jew by the edge of his garment and say,
“Let us go with you, for we have heard that God is with you.” (Zechariah 8:23)
These were the ideas “in the air” when Genesis was being completed and the editors would have sought to find examples of this concern for the nations from the earliest days–genesis–of the Jewish people.
Therefore, as the Lord is on his way to judge Sodom and Gomorrah, he contemplates if he should share his mind with Abraham “now that he is to become a great and populous nation, and all the nations of the earth are to find blessing in him.” (Gen. 18:18)
He decides that he should because Abraham and his successors will need to instruct future generations:
Indeed, I have singled him out that he may direct his sons and his posterity to keep the way of the LORD by doing what is right and just, so that the LORD may carry into effect for Abraham the promises he made about him. (Gen. 18:19)
Other historical books of the Bible that were edited at this time also demonstrated this international dimension. We have seen that at the Lord’s command Elijah not only anointed the king of Israel but also Hazael as king over Aram. (1 Kings)
It is here that we begin this week’s passage. The Lord tells Abraham that he is seeking to confirm the outcry against Sodom and Gomorrah. Abraham is quite aware of their iniquity but assumes the role of intercessor. He will take the position that the good should not suffer with the guilty and appeals to the Lord’s very nature as revealed throughout the Bible:
Far be it from you to do such a thing, to make the innocent die with the guilty so that the innocent and the guilty would be treated alike! Should not the judge of all the world act with justice (Gen. 18:25)
The form in which he does this is haggling as over the price of goods. This is very Middle Eastern, but the instinct behind it is universal for all religions which believe in an all-powerful but all loving God: the vindication of divine goodness and providence in view of the existence of evil. Usually called theodicy, it demands that we question God.
The author/editors of Genesis affirm the goodness of the all-powerful Lord not by theological statements but by and in story. When the time of judgment comes there are only six just people and, to highlight God’s predicament, some of them refuse to leave. And one who does is turned into a pillar of salt because she refuses to emotionally separate herself from her old way of life. (Gen 19)
More important however than this is the situation of the immediate audience, the Jews of the post-Captivity era. Most of what they had was destroyed as totally as Sodom, yet they have been given another chance. There was just enough that the Lord could begin again. This is a popular theme in the literature of this time. One example:
A remnant will return, the remnant of Jacob,
to the mighty God.
For though your people, O Israel,
were like the sand of the sea,
Only a remnant of them will return;
their destruction is decreed
as overwhelming justice demands. (Isaiah 10:21–23)
Here once more we are asked to, as we were told in high school, compare and contrast. Both the people of Sodom and Gomorrah and the Jews were disobedient to the Lord. Yet the former was eradicated from the face of the earth but the Jews, although in reduced circumstances, are now able to rebuild their temple and city. They recognize that the very fact that they are back in their ancient city shows that they are the remnant that was not present in the previous instance. But they have also learned that these events were meant to form them into a people, which not only continues the name of Abraham, but also accepts his mission to the nations.
This speaks to us as well. Although not as cataclysmic, we have seen our churches reduced and some abandoned at least in the Global North. The forces which have done much to cause this also reveal the darkness in the world that we, like those who first read Genesis and Isaiah, have been created to overcome. Pope Benedict 16th has many times said that Christians of the Global North, most particularly Europe and North America, must be a creative minority, a glowing and faithful remnant. That is perhaps truer in Brooklyn Heights and the wider Brownstone Brooklyn than most places. Are we prepared, in Christian terms have we been formed, to take up this task?
To honor the memory of the former pastor of Assumption Parish, Fr. Michael A. Carrano, a Month’s Mind Mass will be held this coming Tuesday evening, July 23 at 7 pm, at Assumption Church, 55 Cranberry Street in Brooklyn Heights. All are welcome to attend.
Podcast transcript:
The scripture this evening presents us with 2 different stories, yet stories that have a lot of similarities. The first reading, from the book of Genesis, is a story of Abraham as he greets and meets visitors that come in the desert. One of the reasons why we like that story, upon reading, in perhaps a more modern context, based upon what the experience that we have been sharing.
And we may write the story very differently: rather than going into his tent to gather Sarah to prepare food for these strangers – we would have probably gone into the tent, gathered the servants, got their weapons, and prepared themselves to protect themselves from these unknown strangers who were coming into their midst.
The desert was a dangerous place. Abraham was a very prosperous individual. And so he really had no knowledge of who these 3 individuals were. Were they coming to attack him? Were they coming to seize his possessions?
But he doesn’t do that. The story is very clear. He goes out to them. He welcomes them. He tells them, “Come, let me get you a basin to wash your feet, so you might then relax from the journey. And let me have my wife, my servants prepare a meal for you, so you may eat and be nourished as you continue on your journey.”
Why? What motivated Abraham to literally operate out of what would be the normal human ambition? And you would have to conclude there were always this difference in Abraham, in respect to God. You might have heard earlier in the book of Genesis, there is again this dialogue about Sodom, between God and Abraham – very intimate with one another. Abraham even gets to bartering with God about Sodom and Gomorrah. So Abraham had a very close relationship with God. And that gave him strength to be different and to act in a different way, out of what would be the expected behavior in that circumstance, that situation.
And when you come to the Gospel, it’s again, Jesus being welcomed to a home for the purpose of a meal. The focus of the story, we hear, seems to be on Mary – Mary who chooses to sit at the feet of Jesus.
You would say, what’s so different about that? Well again, remember the culture, remember the time. In those days, as is still true in many parts of the world today, there were great differences between the use of space and the roles of people. The women’s role was the kitchen – to prepare the meal, to serve. The dining room was where the men gathered, to converse and enjoy each other’s company, perhaps to debate, perhaps to resolve problems, perhaps to explore different opportunities.
Mary seems not willing to go into that box. Mary won’t accept it, and she won’t accept it: by invading and then sits, and not only invading and then sits, but taking the role of men at that time and in that society, by placing herself at the feet of Jesus, the position of a student in the presence of a teacher. And she does sit in a concrete way, because of the love of Jesus, to give expression, to give thoughts, and attention to the Word.
And it also fits into Luke’s work. To Each His Day – a review of the commentaries – one of the things that’s noted, said this particular episode of Mary and Martha, and the Gospel that we listened to last Sunday, of the Samaritan, are 2 unique stories that Luke includes in his Gospel, but not in the other Synotics or in John. They’re only found in Luke.
What was Luke contending? What was he trying to get at by including these 2 stories in his presentation of Jesus? Now, I think what Luke was really getting at – which was the overall theme of his Gospel and the Acts of the Apostles – the overall theme that God has initiated a new day, and it takes a new order that is being brought into being, and that order is premised on courageous action. It is premised on trust, the trust that we have in loving God that tells us things don’t have to be as they are. They can be different. And they can be different, because if we listen to God, to the Word of God, it will show us a new way of living. It will show us new opportunities. It will show us the excitement of realizing our human potential.
Now yesterday, even thought it was rather subdued, it was the 50th anniversary of the first human walking on the Moon. You may have caught some of the preliminaries, the work, the presentations that came, that in a sense, echo mystery.
I know people there, I can see them in the mirror, sitting with a bunch of younger people that were very into seminary back then. And we had our youth group, and we were sitting in front of the television in one of their homes, watching this tremendous achievement – unthinkable, unthinkable! – that we could leave the atmosphere of the Earth, that we could travel in an unknown dimension, in outer space, and actually land, and put our foot on the Moon. And then we come back, which is probably even a more exciting new void, the fact that we had figured out how to do this. And this began a whole new moment. It excited the world – because to show that in the midst of all of the terrible things that were going on at that time.
Remember, it was the time of civil unrest. It was the time of Vietnam and a lot of other war. It was the time of just unspeakable, unspeakable events. Yet, with this, we see a vision, we see possibilities.
You might remember that the words of the astronauts had quite the religious significance. It was, they, in a sense, trusted in God, because they were really alone. Not only did they trusted in the Lord, but they were realizing the great potential that God had designed into the new, into the new and the unknown.
In a sense, the Scriptures today are saying the same thing to us. You don’t have to do things out of fear. But if you operate out of trust with God, if you are willing to allow yourself to be connected to the Word of God, then great things are possible.
You know I wish some day, I wish you could go through the experience of a moving, a very special and momentous moment in history. How much do we miss by not doing more like that? The space race didn’t end with landing on the Moon. It opened it up for all. And it is something that we will go and reflect on. How many years now have we had a space station travelling around the Earth? And how we have sanctioned this, because it does not represent the divisions of the Earth, of the human community, but it represents the unity of the human community. Arch enemies – the U.S. and Russia – working together in scientific endeavours to improve the quality of life of human people.
Today, I would think that positive use of our potential is satisfying. Since it represents, not with fear, which is promoted at this point in time, not with fear that is being promoted at this time. But hope, hope that we learn to respect, learn to listen, learn – in a sense – to meld together our potential. We have great opportunities, great opportunities, to great commonalities, which was like Abraham did in the desert, like Mary did in that home. There are great barriers.
Open the door to the wisdom of God – the new age, the new creation, to the glory of God, all ends to the Kingdom.
At last week’s Gospel, a scholar of the law asked Jesus what he must do to inherit eternal life. Jesus – good teacher that he is – asked what he found written in the Law. The scholar answered to love God and neighbor. Jesus agreed with him and told him to put it into practice. Good lawyer and the scholar he asked for further clarification: “Who is my neighbor?” Jesus responded by a shocking story that forced the man – no doubt very reluctant – to include the hated and feared Samaritans as neighbors.
Today’s Gospel follows immediately on this, and asks how are we to love God. Jesus’s answer to this will be no less shocking. Jesus was an itinerant preacher, and would have expected to be greeted by the leading people of any town he visited. One family would host him in their home and would invite the leading men of the town to listen to him. The women, of at least that family, would be expected to prepare a meal for them. As Jesus was prestigious, they would be expected to outdo themselves to increase their status within the community. Before continuing, we should note that this was a noble activity, and should not be despised. Jesus is not making a general statement about sharing the housekeeping . He is saying simply to fulfill the injunction to love God, we need to listen to His word, about which is more important than any other duty or condition: male or female is incidental to discipleship.
Luke is very careful to maintain parallels. Several chapters before this, Jesus said to a potential disciple, “follow me.” The Man replied, “Lord let me go first and bury my father.” But Jesus answered, “let the dead bury their dead, but you go and Proclaim the kingdom of God.” Knowing, loving, and proclaiming the presence of God and the world is more important than anything else. That Jesus placed women as equal to men and were to be instructed and formed in the same way would have been shocking to his audience – those born Greek as well as Jew – as telling the scholar of the law that the Samaritan was his neighbor. The great commandment of God to love God and neighbor cannot be accomplished without undermining the social structures of the day.
As we look around us, we may find the same situation. What will need to be put aside, if not a way for us to be able to listen to God’s word, not to put it into practice. You can call attention to the situation on our own borders and we ask you to listen carefully to the announcement at the end of Mass, but there is still more to be said about the specific situation of men and women in the Church, particularly the early church.
As it happens, we will celebrate the Feast of St. Mary Magdalene tomorrow. Now we use the word Feast loosely, usually for any liturgical celebration of the saints. There are actual four levels of commemoration: Feast has the second-highest surpassed only by solumnities such as Christmas or the Assumption. Pope Francis has made the celebration for Saint Mary Magdalene a feast with its own prayers and readings. If you’re interested in this kind of inside ecclesiastical baseball, you can find more information on our website or in the weekly email yesterday.
The point is that we acknowledge St. Mary Magdalene as the Apostle of, or to the Apostles. She is found in all the Gospels usually leading a group of women, and is always mentioned first. Also she is the first in all the gospels to experience the empty tomb and to bring this news to the other apostles. Thus the Apostle – one sent – to the other apostles.
In all the Gospels it is women who first experience the empty tomb. Now some commentators have developed ingenious theological reasons for this. I do not find them compelling. I think they’re simply recording a fact, and indeed a rather embarrassing one: men weren’t there. Luke, always seeking balance, included the story of the male disciples on the road to Emmaus, but however beautiful a story, it seems a little bit too contrived and convenient for me. It has been noticed that the women were there to perform a religious task of caring for the body of Jesus – that this may have occurred, but it was simply a female role.
Let’s look at this for a moment. This week, I was out with some friends, and one of them introduced me to a few of his friends. They were businesspeople, so he told them that over the years I have merged a number of parishes and started a charter school. It was a language they could understand, and I am happy – dare say proud – that I was able to have the chance to do that.
But looking back over 40 plus years of ministry, they are not what I most remember, or for that matter of what I find the most valuable. What brought me the closest to Jesus and gave me whatever insights I’ve been able to pass on to you was obtained by visiting the sick, especially the dying. For most of my ministry I have cleared at least one – before I was a pastor 2 days – a week to visit people and their homes or nursing homes or hospitals and bring them communion but mostly to listen to them, and often just hold their hands. That has been my empty tomb. I know that this is a ministry which does not depend on being male or female, young or old, educated or uneducated. It is simply being present to people.
Isn’t it interesting, however, that it is usually done by women. Now, I understand that many women object to the statement of a “female genius”, or emphasizing supposed female talents. I’m certain that there are differences, but like Luke I question how important they are for a vibrant ministry. The call of Jesus is still the same, and I feel many Christian men become Marthas – busy about many things, but it is women who have chosen the better part that leads to knowing Jesus.
Jesus has left the tomb and is now found in his body – the Church – most clearly and strongly in its weakest members: the poor, the outcast, the sick. Those who minister to this body and as a literal sense as possible, will be the first to encounter Jesus. Whoever they are, they are like Mary, the sister of Martha, and have chosen the better part, no matter what others may say. They are like Mary Magdalene: they will be the apostles to the rest of us. They will have the most important message, no matter what we think is more important.